Antiproliferative activity of Saponaria vaccaria constituents and related compounds

Total methanolic extracts of Saponaria vaccaria seed derived from several varieties, as well as various purified components obtained through successive chromatographic separations of total extracts were evaluated for their growth inhibitory activity in WiDr (colon), MDA-MB-231 (breast), NCI-417 (lung) and PC-3 (prostate) human cancer cells as well as the non-tumorigenic fibroblast BJ (CRL-2522) cell line using MTT colorimetric assay. Purified bisdesmosidic saponins segetoside H and I were further examined using microscopy and apoptosis assays. Bisdesmosidic saponins exhibited dose-dependent growth inhibitory and selective apoptosis-inducing activity. Growth inhibitory effects were particularly strong in a breast (MDA-MB-231) and a prostate (PC-3) cancer cell line. Total extracts exhibited a different preference being most active against a colon cancer cell line (WiDr). In a comparison of varieties, all of the total seed extracts exhibited similar dose-dependent activities, but with some variation in potency. Monodesmosidic saponins vaccarosides A and B, phenolic vaccarin, and cyclopeptide segetalin A, co-occurring seed substituents, did not exhibit activity. The non-tumorigenic fibroblast cell line BJ (CRL 2522) was growth inhibited but did not undergo apoptosis when treated with bisdesmosidic saponins at low micromolar concentrations. Saponin-rich extracts from Kochia scoparia seed and Chenopodium quinoa were also evaluated alongside Saponaria saponins but did not exhibit activity. Closely related Quillaja saponins exhibited activity but were less potent.     

心水病病原体高度保守基因合成与原核表达

通过软件DNAStar分析,设计合成心水病病原体抗原性、保守性比较高的一段基因,长度为564bp,将它插入pUC57载体,再转入pET-32a质粒中进行原核表达并纯化表达产物。结果表明,合成的基因在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达并能简易地提纯,纯化的表达产物有望用于心水病免疫学检测;此合成外来基因还可以作为心水病病原PCR检测的阳性对照。这些工作为我国建立心水病防控技术储备奠定了一些基础,也为防控高度危险性外来传染病提供一种安全和可行的研究新思路。     

柑桔溃疡病菌离体叶接种检验法的研究

对柑桔溃疡菌的离体叶接种检验法进行了研究和技术规范。结果表明 ,离体叶接种法是一种效果直观可靠、操作简便易行的检验溃疡病菌的方法 ,其检测水平可达到 1.5 5× 10 3 -4 cfu/ml;其技术规范为 :供接种的柑桔品种应为甜橙类感病品种 (如脐橙 ) ,供接种的离体叶片以达到定型大小的新梢成叶最佳 ;采用针刺后滤纸片贴敷菌液接种 ,最适孵育温度为 2 8～ 32℃ ,最佳保湿方法为吸水纸保湿法。     

高校德育工作中几对关系的辩证思考

本文以认识和实践为视角 ,对高校德育工作中“教书与育人”、“主体与客体”、“理论灌输与灌输方法”、“理论教育与思想政治工作”、“思想理论教育与社会实践教育”的关系作辩证分析 ,以期提高德育工作的自觉性和坚定性。     

基于知识和数学模型的农业专家系统生成工具

本文阐述利用面向对象技术开发通用农业专家系统生成工具ＡＥＳＴ的方法,介绍面向对象的知识库、模型库和通用推理机的设计与实现。     

基于近红外光谱的活体植物叶片水分检测仪器

在近红外光谱区,采用超低功耗单片机MSP430及新型的光频转换芯片TSL230,研制快速无损、可现场测定植物叶片水分含量的透射式检测仪器。仪器整体由信号采集系统、单片机系统及相应的软件支撑、校正模型组成。其信号采集系统采用近红外LED光源,890 nm和980 nm的窄带干涉滤光片和光频转换芯片。光频转换芯片的使用简化了信号采集电路,减少了噪声的引入。该文介绍了该仪器的硬件设计、软件设计,对紫荆叶片水分含量的建模及预测。预测结果与水分真实值基本一致,二者相关系数为0.900。仪器具有较高的重复性、稳定性和可靠性,与其他水分测量仪相比,该仪器具有体积小、结构简单、重量轻、超低功耗、抗干扰等特点。试验结果表明本仪器可在田间现场对植物叶片水分含量进行快速无损检测。     

基于垄线平行特征的视觉导航多垄线识别

为有效快速地识别农田多条垄线以实现农业机器人视觉导航与定位,提出一种基于机器视觉的田间多垄线识别与定位方法。使用VC++ 6.0开发了农业机器人视觉导航定位图像处理软件。该方法通过图像预处理获得各垄行所在区域,使用垂直投影法提取出导航定位点。根据摄像机标定原理与透视变换原理,计算出各导航定位点世界坐标。然后结合垄线基本平行的特征,使用改进的基于Hough变换的农田多垄线识别算法,实现多垄线的识别与定位。使用多幅农田图像进行试验并在室内进行了模拟试验。处理一幅320×240的农田图像约耗时219.4 ms,室内试验各垄线导航距与导航角的平均误差分别为2.33 mm与0.3°。结果表明,该方法能有效识别与定位农田的多条垄线,同时算法的实时性也能满足 要求。     

波段比算法结合高光谱图像技术检测柑橘果锈

为克服柑橘表面不平整导致光线反射不均匀的影响,研究提出了波段比算法,使高光谱图像技术能够快速有效地检测柑橘果锈。首先根据Sheffield指数（SI）确定最佳波段（625 nm和717 nm）,经比值变换后得到第一幅比值图像;然后选取特征波长625 nm的邻近波段（621 nm）,与其比值变换后得到第二幅比值图像,提取轮廓,构建掩膜以消除第一幅比值图像的背景噪声,最后进行阈值分割和数字形态学运算,完成果锈区域的特征检测。试验结果表明,基于波段比算法的高光谱图像技术可有效检测柑橘果锈,检测率达到92%。研究表明波段比算法在高光谱图像技术快速无损地检测柑橘果锈中,能够有效地降低光照反射不均匀的影响,增强谱间差异,提高检测的精度。     

多源卫星遥感影像进行土地利用变化监测

Due to inappropriate planning and management, accelerated urban growth and tremendous loss in land, especially cropland, have become a great challenge for sustainable urban development in China, especially in developed urban area in the coastal regions; therefore, there is an urgent need to effectively detect and monitor the land use changes and provide accurate and timely information for planning and management. In this study a method combining principal component analysis (PCA) of multisensor satellite images from SPOT (systeme pour l'observation de la terre or earth observation satellite)-5 multispectral (XS) and Landsat-7 enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) panchromatic (PAN) data, and supervised classification was used to detect and analyze the dynamics of land use changes in the city proper of Hangzhou. The overall accuracy of the land use change detection was 90.67% and Kappa index was 0.89. The results indicated that there was a considerable land use change (10.03% of the total area) in the study area from 2001 to 2003, with three major types of land use conversions: from cropland into built-up land, construction site, and water area (fish pond). Changes from orchard land into built-up land were also detected. The method described in this study is feasible and useful for detecting rapid land use change in the urban area.     

基于固定光栅和CCD技术的近红外光谱分析系统设计

该文设计了一种基于线阵电荷耦合器件和固定光栅的近红外光谱分析系统。主要设计了电荷耦合器件的驱动电路、光谱信号采集电路、固定光栅光学系统、光源控制系统、电荷耦合器件温度控制系统及样品旋转台的控制系统。并利用MPA光谱仪验证了近红外光谱分析方法用于谷物品质检测的可行性,运用多种预处理方法进行了优化,其中采取一阶导数与附加散射校正结合的预处理效果较优。利用CA-06光栅光谱分析仪建立了小麦水分、蛋白的偏最小二乘法模型,验证了仪器性能的稳定性和准确性。